Wednesday, December 25, 2019

The Culture Of France A Strong Sense Of Country Pride

The culture of France has been molded by its geography and historical events. The French have a strong sense of country pride, which is very present in their art, food, and government. France has a mixed economy of capitalist and socialist characteristics where businesses are privately or partially owned. There is more government regulation in economic activities, and welfare is provided to its citizens because they have a socialist economy. The government is called the French Republic and is governed by the head of the state, President Francois Hollande, and the Prime Minister, Manuel Vauls. The government practices civil law versus common law. France has a flexible working schedule where they can discuss and debate the hours they work to fit their family’s life schedule. The workers are also allowed to take a leave of absence to go to school or get training for any specific interest. In general, French workers can reconstruct their working schedule to work less hours in their occupations per week, month or year depending on their personal or family interests. In 2000, a law was introduced where the French were no longer required to work 39 hours per week. Instead they were required to work only 35 hours per week, which is less than the United Sates’ 40 hours per week requirement. This has causes an increase in the employment rate and job sharing. They also have a smaller work force. They have higher taxes but they have more social benefits. France has one of the world’sShow MoreRelatedThe National Identity Of A Country Today891 Words   |  4 Pages The national identity of a country today, is heavily influenced by its history. If a country is isolated, whether geographically and/or it is their cultural preference, then nationality, in this sense, can be largely affected by its native ethnic group or the majority ethnic group in power. As the political culture, economy and society change, some aspects within a nation’s culture remain the same. Specifically as the national identity of citizens in Japan, France and Germany formed under similarRead MoreThe Impact Of Nationalism1325 Words   |  6 Pages Nationalism is a sense of putting one’s country before themselves and everything else due to common cultures, languages and other customs. It has been a part of the way modern history has been shaped since the late 18th century with Napoleon, all the way to present day. As one historian wrote, Nationalism is a â€Å"Political outlook†¦that a nation is composed of people who are joined together by the bonds of a common language†¦customs, culture, and history† (9/13/17). Nationalism has shaped the historyRead MoreThe Great War748 Words   |  3 Pages â€Å"The Great War† On 28 June 1914, a Serbian shot an Austrian. Within six weeks, many of the countries of Europe had become involved in a war that was to cause the deaths of 10 million soldiers, but was the assassination the only cause of war? WWI wasnt just any war, it was also a new beginning and a new cause for a few of the european countries that had been involved. The end results for Germany had been the worst, which not only caused Germany to have a new purpose and have resentments,Read MoreNationalism in 18th Century Europe1763 Words   |  3 Pagesto  form  a  catalyst  for  the  modernisation  of  many  European  countries.  However,  in  comparison,   none  of  these  ideals  had  the  impact  that  the  nationalistic  approach  had.  This  is  due  to  many   reasons  which  ranged  from  the  fact  that  not  everyone  was  affected  by  socialism  or  that  ninety   percent  of  people  in  eighteenth  century  Europe  lived  in  a  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœnation ­state’  which  acted  as  a  breeding   ground  for  nationalism  growth.  A  nation ­state  is  a  bordered  country  with  its  own  culture  and,  the   main  component  of  a  nation,  languageRead MoreEssay Nationalism999 Words   |  4 Pageslasted for several months and drew everyone to the television and to newspapers to find out what was happening now to all the Americans over seas. Many people found their loved ones leaving. They were in the military and were called to defend their country. This is a sign of nationalism in itself, however, something that was closer to home for me was a tiny yellow ribbon. These yellow ribbons were seen everywhere. They were placed on tree trunks, on peoples front doors, pinned on to peoples clothingRead MoreThe Importance Of Nationalism1434 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferent members of society within a certain geographical location to form a stronger bond and give the nation a sense of belonging and identity. Nationalism has been one of the most influential and powerful forces of the twentieth century because nationalism helps bring people together that share a similar language, terr itory, and culture. It can be a powerful and effective ideology of a country depending on how leaders chose to use it however, nationalism is controversial among many states and nationsRead MoreThe Four Seasons Goes to Paris1699 Words   |  7 Pagesits first management contract for San Francisco’s 1913 landmark hotel, The Clift. In 1999, Four Seasons opened its first French property, the Hotel George V in Paris. In 2003, the company managed 53 properties in 24 countries. Today, Four Seasons is managing 84 properties in 34 countries providing high-quality, truly personalized service to enable guests to maximize the value of their time. b) Description of company business areas As a financial point of view, we can observe that the capitalRead MoreEssay on Imperialism1350 Words   |  6 Pagesnot imperialism is economically beneficial. The second relates to the social aspect of imperialism and the natural desire to rule others. The third is protection and security, building up military powers around the world in order to help the main country when trouble erupts. Finally, the last is morals and their religious aspects. Because imperialism has its basis on power, it is often considered morally reprehensible. The thirst for power drove the European nations into a frenzy to control the continentRead MoreSpread Of Nationalism Throughout Europe1505 Words   |  7 Pagesthe French Revolution and that advocated nationalism. Through the Napoleonic Wars, Napoleon conquered France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Switzerland, and most of Western Germany and northern Italy. He justified French expansion and military campaigns with the claim that France had the right to sp read the enlightened ideals and liberalism, believe that government should promote equality for all. France had just undergone a bloody revolution that supported the ideals of â€Å"liberty, equality, and fraternity†Read MoreCultural Analysis Paper1289 Words   |  6 PagesCultural Analysis Paper No matter how hard we try, or how much we study, it is pretty much impossible to become an expert on all the world’s cultures. It is possible however, to be enlightened on a few cultures through some effort and understanding. That is just what we did, through interviewing three people who were raised in cultures different from ours. The following are results from what we learned about different cultural dimensions. GENDER EGALITARIANISM Gender egalitarianism, as defined

Tuesday, December 17, 2019

The Death Penalty Is A Simple Name For A Very Controversial

The death penalty is a simple name for a very controversial practice. Once a common way to deter people from performing cruel crimes, capital punishment has never before been under such political scrutiny. Abolished throughout Europe, the U.S. still uses it in 31 states. Supporters deem it necessary to protect and provide order while anti-death penalty advocates label it as outdated and inhumane. Both sides argue to be the morally right decision; one that would protect the most people. However, once examined carefully, it becomes obvious that the death penalty suffers too greatly from a regression of support, racial discrimination and inadequacy as a criminal deterrent to fulfill its moral purpose. Rather than receive federal support,†¦show more content†¦Religion plays a key role in perception of the death penalty’s morally ambiguous reputation, either by clearly supporting or rejecting it. Regardless of an individual s ultimate opinion, it reduces to whether killin g criminals is legitimately assisting in the protection of society, and the numbers that think so are decreasing. Another concern that riddles the workings of capital punishment is the amount of time it takes to finalize a sentence that, once executed, cannot be undone. In the interest of maintaining public order, some say it is the state s right to take the life of a murderer, â€Å"but others argue that incarcerating the criminal gives him or her a chance to repent† or redeem themselves (A8). Sentencing a killer to life without parole eliminates the ability for that individual to continue committing crimes, while giving the opportunity for that individual to find peace. This makes killing a killer seem rather unnecessary, even cruel, when many charged murderers are later proven innocent. Anthony Ray Hinton, formerly charged with murder, stated â€Å"being on death row has taken so much from me as a human being. [...] I spent 30 years on death row for something I didnâ€⠄¢t do.† (A5). He is only one of now 155 exonerations; a number that could be more had those innocent been given a better chance to prove themselves in court. Capital punishment simply doesn’t function well enough for it to trumpShow MoreRelated The Death Penalty: Justifiable Essay977 Words   |  4 Pages The Death Penalty: Justifiable -Preface: Let it be noted now that this speech is very opinionated. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;I strongly believe that the Death Penalty is a form of punishment to be used when needed. Which opens up the question, when should it be used? That may be the breaking point in a lot of arguments, deciding when to use the death penalty is a very touchy subject. I believe that only murderers deserve the death penalty, but I do not believe that all murderersRead MoreTo Kill or Not to Kill, That is the Question Essay1153 Words   |  5 Pagestimes, nations all around the world have been imposing the death penalty for a wide variety of crimes such as rape, adultery, incest, murder, espionage, treason, military desertion, corruption, human trafficking, and even drug trafficking. Execution has been becoming less and less popular each year, but it is still a very controversial subject in today’s society. Some say that execution is unconstitutional, inhumane, or otherwise unfair. Death is feared widely above all other punishment. Capital punishmentRead MoreThe Amendment Of Animal Control Laws On Pit Bull Ban1324 Words   |  6 Pageshas risen many controversial opinions related to matter as a â€Å"public safety† after the death of a 55-year-old woman by the brutal attack of dog which is thought as a pit bull. Pit pulls are regarded as American Staffordshire terriers, Staff ordshire bull terriers, American pit bull terriers and any mix breed dogs that have a part of those breeds or a dog with similar physical characteristics. The legislation prohibits pit bull, restrains the existing pit bull and makes stricter penalties for dogs whichRead MoreEliminating the Death Penalty1929 Words   |  8 PagesThe Golden Rule states that one should treat others as they expect to be treated. This simple and time honored tradition has allowed for peaceful coexistence in society throughout the development of history. Unfortunately disputes happen and agreements are broken. Laws have been developed as a result of humans interacting with each other as people continue to evolve. Somewhere along this evolutionary path, death and murder became acceptable when sanctioned by government or state agencies. This murderRead MoreInfluence Of Supreme Court Justices Essay1405 Words   |  6 Pagesjudiciary, especially when it comes to Supreme Court Justices, is a complicated issue, and it has been controversial in U.S.. Talking about judgement for the influence, it’s not all-inclusive by only dividing them into liberals and conservatives, instead, a comprehensive approach is to focus on specific cases. Keywords — Supreme Court Justice; religion; legislation; law; abortion; gay rights; death penalty Introduction â€Å"Justice is not to be taken by storm. She is to be wooed by slow advances. SubstituteRead MoreThe Problem Of Gun Violence1678 Words   |  7 PagesFederalist favored the creation of a strong national government, while the Anti-Federalist wanted a specific statement of individual rights and freedoms to protect the people from a tyrannical national government (Bill of Rights). The second amendment is a very touchy topic for many people. In today’s world, some people believe that the second amendment is outdated. Because of a few people that misuse our right endowed to us by the bill of rights, and our creator. The second amendment states that, A wellRead MoreThe Exoneration Of Randall Dale Adams2222 Words   |  9 Pagesof town and would be unable to return. Not surprisingly the jury returned a verdict of guilty; now the prosecution would turn its attention to Mr. Adams sentence (Martin, 2011). Seeking the death penalty the prosecution called on two expert witnesses: ps ychiatrist Dr. James Grigson, whom was known as Dr. Death, and Dr. John Holbrook, who was the former chief of psychiatry for the Texas Department of Corrections (Radelet, 2011). The American Psychiatric Association has stated on multiple occasionsRead MoreThe Murder Of Mr. Adams2291 Words   |  10 Pagesof town and would be unable to return. Not surprisingly the jury returned a verdict of guilty; now the prosecution would turn its attention to Mr. Adams sentence (Martin, 2011). Seeking the death penalty the prosecution called on two expert witnesses: psychiatrist Dr. James Grigson, who was known as Dr. Death, and Dr. John Holbrook, who was the former chief of psychiatry for the Texas Department of Corrections (Radelet, 2011). The American Psychiatric Association has stated on multiple occasionsRead MoreThe Threat Of Terrorism : The United States Constitution1797 Words   |  8 Pagesrights violations to the federal government, specifically the National Security Agency, as long as the violation is done in the name of fighting terrorism. Reports came out numerous times over the next decade, specifically December 2005, May 2006, and March 2012, detailing how the National Security Agency was able to stretch its powers, even beyond this liberal and controversial bill, to surveil its citizens’ private phone conversations with neither warrants nor provable suspicion of a crime taking orRead More Capital Punishment Essay3201 Words   |  13 Pagesilmer 1 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Capital Punishment is the ruling by a court, sentencing an individual who has been convicted of a serious crime to death. How serious is the death penalty? Well, thirty-eight of the fifty States in the Union have the death penalty enacted in their state (Bright 13). The death penalty is very controversial issues because it is so serious, people ponder the thought of, is it moral or even humane? Some people feel that it let’s the criminal off easy because it

Sunday, December 8, 2019

Charlotte ONeils Song be described as a protest song Essay Example For Students

Charlotte ONeils Song be described as a protest song Essay In order to fully answer this question I firstly looked up the meanings of the words protest and song. The Oxford Concise English Dictionary defines protest as as statement of dissent or disapproval and song as either as short poem in rhymed stanzas or as short poem or other sets of words set to music or meant to be sung. Charlotte ONeils Song is indeed a poem comprising of four stanzas, each with an element of rhyme. The choice of words alone also makes it clear that the song is a statement of dissent. In the poem we learn a lot about the typical chores Charlotte was expected to do in a days work, fictitious or otherwise. The tasks that the poet has chosen to use are dirty and unpleasant jobs, I emptied your chamber pot, possibly to highlight the subservient position she has been put in. Providing us with this background knowledge has effectively made Farrels job of developing the argument later in the poem a lot easier, as she has already outlined the situation. We learn a lot about the attitudes of Charlottes employers. The poet displays them in a very negative light. A key example is I emptied your chamber pot. We will write a custom essay on Charlotte ONeils Song be described as a protest song specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now I think that any reader of the poem would find it difficult to respect a person who feels they are in such a superior position that they do not need to do very basic tasks. This suggests the employer merely sees Charlotte as a slave, or as the ships record state, General servant. The selfish and cruel attitudes of the employer are again seen in lines 13-14, The rich man earns his castle, you said / The poor deserve the gate. Through these lines the poet has allowed us to see the employer through Charlottes eyes, as well as to the general attitudes of society during the 19th century. I feel it is this issue which Charlotte feels most strongly about. The lines give us more of an insight into the stiff social spheres in place during the 19th century. Once born into a class, as Charlotte had been, there is little chance of escape. I think that that is what Charlotte really wants. She doesnt want to be baking bread and scrubbing floors. I think that Farrel thought that the rules of the 19th century society were unjustified, and argues that those who have been forced into labour jobs should be treated with respect, even though their job doesnt promote that. The anger and resentment seen and heard in the poem are represented through strong regular beats emphasized with alliteration. I scraped out your grate / and I washed your plate / and scrubbed till my hands were raw. This anger and resentment could be directed at individuals, such as Charlottes employers or the 19th century society in general. However, I dont think that Charlotte blames herself for the position she is in, because she says, I wont be there any more suggesting she has still maintained her feelings of self worth. It is probably the fact that she still possesses these feelings that led to her protest and rebellion of her position. The theme of injustice is also supported by Farrels frequent use of antithesis. These contrasting pairs, e. g. You lay on a silken pillow / I lay on an attic cot clearly shows the big differences between their two lifestyles. Farrel has also cleverly used tenses to create the feeling of the passing of time and of a developing argument. This could make it more like a protest song as it gradually increases in pace and intensity. .uc9d7ba088f8f88ae57fa69ba05702659 , .uc9d7ba088f8f88ae57fa69ba05702659 .postImageUrl , .uc9d7ba088f8f88ae57fa69ba05702659 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc9d7ba088f8f88ae57fa69ba05702659 , .uc9d7ba088f8f88ae57fa69ba05702659:hover , .uc9d7ba088f8f88ae57fa69ba05702659:visited , .uc9d7ba088f8f88ae57fa69ba05702659:active { border:0!important; } .uc9d7ba088f8f88ae57fa69ba05702659 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc9d7ba088f8f88ae57fa69ba05702659 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc9d7ba088f8f88ae57fa69ba05702659:active , .uc9d7ba088f8f88ae57fa69ba05702659:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc9d7ba088f8f88ae57fa69ba05702659 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc9d7ba088f8f88ae57fa69ba05702659 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc9d7ba088f8f88ae57fa69ba05702659 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc9d7ba088f8f88ae57fa69ba05702659 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc9d7ba088f8f88ae57fa69ba05702659:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc9d7ba088f8f88ae57fa69ba05702659 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc9d7ba088f8f88ae57fa69ba05702659 .uc9d7ba088f8f88ae57fa69ba05702659-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc9d7ba088f8f88ae57fa69ba05702659:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Comparision of the lamb to the slaughter and the speckled band EssayAs the poem is mainly written in the past tense I feel it creates distance between Charlottes life as a servant and her life of freedom and own choices Ill eat when I please. In the lines 18-20 Farrel writes in the present tense, signifying the turning point of the poem. These lines repeat some parts of the previous stanzas, only in a different tense. You can open your own front door refers to when You rang your bell and I answered. This creates the feeling that Charlotte is turning on her employers and asking them how they would feel to be in her position. It sounds as if she is giving them commands, open your own front door, which hints at her courage and endurance. She has now broken free from the restraints forced upon her. Also, she calls her employer my dear, suggesting a lack of respect from her side. I believe that actually leaving her work would not have been possible in reality but this action creates a sort of magical triumphant and rebellious feeling. It is this kind of technique that I feel would add more vigor to the song making it a suitable song of protest. The use of future tense indicates what she will do with her time and how she will make her own choices in the future. I think it makes an excellent ending as it signifies change and hope. I think the poem would best be reading in not a cheerful/happy manner, but it is certainly carefree and upbeat, suggesting the events took place long ago and are of little relevance now, Charlotte has won. Reading (or singing) it quickly gives the impression that Charlottes gives out a newfound confidence. I feel the simple language helps the upbeat pace along and each idea is completed in a single sentence. The repetition also adds pace. I feel the fairly simplistic language adds a certain degree of sarcasm and again creates distance between Charlotte and her unpleasant past. It is as if the more daring pace is a challenge to her master/mistress because Charlotte has already left them; she is out of their reach. Finally, I think the upbeat feel produced by the strong rhyme and pace stresses that as Charlotte writes this she is at a stage where at least she had made her decisions, and is stepping out and away from her past drudgery.

Sunday, December 1, 2019

Performance management systems linked to reward

Table of Contents Executive Summary Introduction Performance management system Motivation Total reward system Summary and Conclusion Reference List Executive Summary This report covers the fundamentals of performance management, and explains what all the managers and supervisors should know concerning the concept of performance management. In addition, the report creates special emphasis on the importance of employee motivation to performance.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Performance management systems linked to reward specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In explaining the different concepts, the report uses relevant literature and specific theories, which help the reader to understand the information clearly. Further, the report aims to help the Brook and Kent Company limited in proper implementation of their performance management so as to help improve the quantity and quality of work that the employees pro duce. Introduction Most organisation do not really comprehend what performance management really means. Therefore, these organisations are usually dismayed at why sometimes the employees may be working hard, and are satisfied with their jobs but still the outcomes from the work of the employees do not reflect the input that the managers and supervisors expect. This usually makes the managers and supervisors to wonder what they may be doing wrong in helping to increase the productivity of the workers. In most of these situations, the managers or supervisors have usually gotten the concept of performance management all wrong, hence this is portrayed in the outcomes of the work done by the employees. Performance management can be explained in simple terms as the activities which an employer or the organisation may take to ensure that the goals which are set are consistently achieved and in an efficient and effective method. The performance management can be used to evaluate the perform ance of employees, a department within the organisation or the performance of the whole organisation in general. Generally, performance management tries to bring out the best out of the employees’ ability, to enable the organisation achieve good returns. For instance, some organisations use reward based performance management to reward the employees who are perceived to have high performance. Rewarding is a form of recognition for the employees contribution towards the attainment of the main objectives within the business. This report will attempt to evaluate the main concepts of the performance management, which should be applied to organizations to ensure the effectiveness of their performance management systems.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The paper will also cover the assumptions which different organisations make in implementing their performance management systems, which ultimately lead to the inefficiency of the performance management systems in ensuring better performance of the employees and therefore better returns for the company. Moreover, the findings of this report will be based on the problems that Brooks Kent Company limited, a small construction SME, faces. Performance management system For many organisations, the performance management system is first implemented through the creation of an effective business strategy, i.e. strategic planning. The business strategy determines where the business would like to be after a specific period of time. Normally, the period may be six months, one year or even ten years. In addition, the business strategy should have a close relationship with the main objective of the business, as well as pay close attention to the means of performance appraisal in recognition of outstanding achievement by the employees of the company (Verweire and Berghe, 2004, p 93). The performance appraisal may t ake different forms; Brook and Kent opted for the reward based appraisal. However, the appraisals may also be used in other forms which are not reward-based. The reward based appraisals of Brook Kent takes the form of promotions, salary increase and the issue of bonuses to outstanding work by the employees. This helps in improving the motivation of the workers as their effort is recognised by the management of the company. In the research, the following systems were reviewed, to explain the reward based management organisation of the Brook Kent and how the theories may be used to solve some of the problems existing at the company and improve productivity. Therefore, the main purpose which makes an organisation to implement a performance management system is to ensure that: The employees do the work which the organisation requires them to do. Normally, the performance management system specifies the specific work which the employees supposed to do (anon. 2007 p 1). The employees k now the amount of work that the organisation requires them to do and the quality of the work which they should produce. This therefore guides the employee by putting specific targets which the employee is supposed to meet to satisfy the organisation (anon, 2007, p 1). The performance management system also ensures that the employees’ output is monitored closely and the information on their ongoing performance communicated to them. This makes the employees to make the necessary correction on their quantity or quality of work to ensure that they achieve the set performance in the set period of time (anon, 2007, p 1). The performance management system also ensures that exemplary work is rewarded, based on the performance management system that the organisation is using. The performance management system also ensures that necessary measures are taken on an employee who fails to meet the set performance standards (anon, 2007, p 1). Both these measures ensure that the organisation achieves its strategic objectives as set out. The main components of a performance management system include: Communicating the performance expectations which the organisation requires its employees to achieve; Maintaining and monitoring the ongoing performance of the employees of the organisation; and Conducting regular performance appraisal (Anon, 2007 p 2). During the initial stages of the implementation of the performance management system, the organisation should come up with effective strategies which fit with the main objectives of the business. In normal circumstances, the application of the organization strategies should be implemented using the appropriate performance management system. How the organisation implements the strategies in the performance management system ensures whether the strategies will be effectively met. After the planning stage, the organization should effectively communicate the strategies to the employees and ensure that they are embedded in the o rganisational culture of the company concerned. This ensures that the employees will continuously strive to achieve the set performance standards as they relate with the standards. This is usually the most important component of a performance management system.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Performance management systems linked to reward specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More If the organisation fails to effectively communicate the performance management system to the employees, there is a very high possibility that the performance standards in the organisation will not be achieved. This is because the employees may not associate with the set standards and may be on the perception that the performance management system does not benefit them (Taticchi, 2010, p 245). For an effective and efficient performance management system, the organisation must continuously maintain, monitor and analyse the performance managemen t standards. The organisation must use data which is reliable, and have an effective method of interpreting the data. This helps the organization to determine the progress of the employees with regard to the performance management standards which have been put for them. The organisation should also communicate its findings to the employees so that they may take the necessary measures. The organisation should have effective means of appraising exemplary performance of its employees. This helps in motivating the workers who have performed better and also help in motivating the other workers to also perform better as they are guaranteed efficient appraisal methods. However, if the organisation fails to plan and implement the performance appraisal effectively, it may lead to reduced performance of the employees. This may happen if only a few people are rewarded and there are many other people expecting to be rewarded. This makes those people who were not rewarded to get demotivated (Rao and Rao 2004 p 13). Motivation Motivation of employees is a very vital aspect, which all managers usually consider. Employee motivation can be defined as the set of forces, which guide a person to continuously strive to achieve a certain goal. Generally, the origin of the forces may either be internal or external. Employee motivation enables the individual to find pleasure in the process of achieving the goals set by the company to continuously endeavour to improve on the outcomes of his activities. Therefore, motivated employees will perform better as they find pleasure in their activities and therefore put more effort in implementation of the activities.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Different organisations implement performance management systems so as to help improve the quality and quantity of output that the employees produce. The organisations aim to do this by improving the motivation of the employees in different ways to enable them to achieve the required performance standards. To achieve this, the performance management system has several methods of employee appraisal, which help in motivating the employees to perform better as the organisation would recognise their outstanding contribution to the organisational goals. The performance management systems not only determine the appraisal methods, but it also determines what actions will be taken on the employees for failure to reach their performances. Performance management usually determines the rewards which the employees will get due to the achievement of their performances. Normally, the rewards may be in the form of promotions, bonuses, salary increases or recognition. This helps in motivating the e mployees to achieve the rewards. However, the performance management is also used to determine what measures will be taken to an employee who fails to achieve his expected performance. The measures taken may range from demotions, forfeited bonuses and allowances to loss of the job. This, according to Jeremy Bentham’s â€Å"the carrot and the stick motivation theory† helps in motivating the employees to achieve their performances. According to Bentham, all individuals are motivated by the urge to avoid pain and find pleasure in the activities they take. Bentham stated that â€Å"a worker will work only if the reward is big enough or the punishment is sufficiently unpleasant† (Cited in Shah and Shah, 2010). Bentham was of the view that if you want a donkey to move you either have to dangle a carrot in front of it or whack it with a stick from behind hence the name, â€Å"the carrot and the stick† (Shah and Shah 2010). In the context of employee motivation i n relation to performance management, pay rise, promotion, bonus or recognition are the â€Å"carrot† which aid in motivating the worker. More often, the employee will strive to achieve his/her performance so as to get the rewards. On the other hand, demotions, forfeited bonuses and allowances, and loss of the job are the â€Å"stick† which motivates the employee to work and achieve his/her performance, in a way of avoiding such ‘stick’. The relationship between motivation and performance management can also be explained by the Victor Vroom’s valence x expectation motivation theory. Vroom states that â€Å"an employee is motivated to perform better if he/she believes that the better performance will lead to better performance appraisal and that this shall result into the realisation of personal goal in form of some reward† ( shah and shah, 2010, part 8). In our context, the performance management outlines the various appraisal methods which m ay be given to the employees in case he/she attains his/her performance. According to Vroom, the employee is not motivated by the actions taken against him/her for failure to reach the set performance. However, the employee gets motivation from the perceived rewards which he/ she may get due to attainment of his/her performance. There are usually different appraisal methods which are used by different organisations to help in motivating their employees. However, a recent form of performance appraisal which is mostly used by different organisation is the total reward method of appraisal. Total reward system It is widely agreed by different scholars that people do not work just to get paid; the reasons that make people work are far much more than the pay, which the organisation may offer to the employees. Therefore, for an organisation to be able to effectively motivate the employees they must not just use the payment, but must also understand and take measures to ensure that the empl oyees needs are met, which in turn leads to motivation. Different theories have been proposed to explain the source of motivation of the employees, some of which have already been discussed above. Therefore, to achieve motivation, the organisation needs to use the total reward system to acquire motivation of its workforce. However, careful observation of the motivation theories shows that employees are mainly motivated due the fulfilment of their needs, both material and immaterial. This is usually the basis of the total reward system. Total reward is defined by Worldatwork, the association which deals with total reward in the US, as all the tools which an employer may use to attract, motivate and retain employees and anything which the employee recognises to be valuable according to the employment relationship (Armstrong, 2002, p 8). The total reward system therefore, has many components, both financial (material) and non-financial (immaterial). Different scholars have proposed dif ferent constituents of the total reward performance management appraisal method. However, even though the general components are different, most of the components are similar to those proposed by Worldatwork. The main components of the total reward system according to Worldatwork (2005) are: pay, benefits, and learning and development (Jiang et al, 2009, p 4). Pay refers to all the forms of recognition which have monitory value attached to them. It includes base salary, bonus allowances and any other form of recognition which has financial payment attached to it. This payment helps in attracting highly qualified personnel to the organisation and also in retaining them. The benefits include retirement benefits, healthcare benefits, savings and time, which the employee may be given to spend as he wishes. The benefits which are given to the employees are mainly meant to protect their future and reduce uncertainty. Moreover, reduction in the uncertainty of the employee helps in increas ing his motivation to the work as he is assured of his future needs being met by his employer (Armstrong, 2002, p 9). Learning and development facilitates career growth and knowledge improvement in employees. Normally, learning and development may take the form of career development and training. This usually helps in retaining the employee into the organisation as the activity satisfies the personal development needs of the individual. Moreover, learning and development is not necessarily a financial gain to the employee; it just helps to improve the employee satisfaction by and helping to quench his thirst of knowledge. Summary and Conclusion The above report has explicitly explained the performance management systems. The understanding of the performance management system will enable Brook and Kent to take the appropriate measures to help in improving the employee motivation. The main problem, which Brook and Kent faces, is the fact that their appraisal methods are not effective. In addition, managers do not appraise exemplary performance at the required time, and delay in appraising the achievement makes the employees feel demotivated as their contribution to the organisation is not recognised. Moreover, some of the employees feel that they deserve to be rewarded yet fail to get the rewards, as it takes long to reward exemplary work. Brook and Kent should therefore implement a performance management system which regularly recognises exemplary work. The organisation should also implement a total reward performance management appraisal system which will cater for all the needs of the employees not only material but also immaterial. Implementation of the recommendations and a clear understanding of the performance management systems will enable Books and Kent Company limited to have high quantity and quality returns after the implementation of the performance management system. Reference List Armstrong, M., 2002. Employee Reward. London: CIPD Publishing. Web. Anon. 2007. Performance management. North Carolina State personnel manual Web. Jiang, Z. et al. 2009. Total reward strategy: a human resources management strategy going with the trends of the time. International journal of business management, vol. Web. Rao, T. V. and Rao, T. V., 2004. Performance management and appraisal systems: HR tools for global competitiveness. New Delhi: SAGE. Web. Shah, K. and Shah, P. J., 2010. Theories of motivation. Lay networks. Web. Taticchi, P., 2010. Business Performance Measurement and Management: New Contexts, Themes and Challenges, Berlin, Springer. Web. Verweire, K and Berghe, L., 2004. Integrated performance management: a guide to strategy implementation. New Delhi: SAGE. Web. This report on Performance management systems linked to reward was written and submitted by user Bruno Dean to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.